Install MariaDB primary-replica replication with GTID and TLS

Primary only. First confirm replica status and the restored seed row. This releases the bootstrap write pause and commits a new row AFTER the snapshot. Save the returned non-secret GTID; the next replica panel waits for this exact position. Keep application routing on the primary.

sudo mariadb -e "SET GLOBAL read_only=OFF; INSERT INTO academy_lab.replication_probe VALUES (2,'after-seed'); SELECT @@GLOBAL.gtid_binlog_pos AS target_gtid; SELECT * FROM academy_lab.replication_probe ORDER BY id;"

Inside a new replica SQL session opened with the earlier terminal panel. Replace the GTID placeholder with the exact primary output, not the sample shown in any article. MASTER_GTID_WAIT returns a non-negative value on success, -1 on timeout or NULL on error. Any -1/NULL is a failure: do not proceed based only on a zero lag field. Compare BOTH rows and their text with the primary. This probes the small table; it is not a checksum of every production object.

SELECT MASTER_GTID_WAIT('REPLACE_WITH_ACTUAL_TARGET_GTID',30) AS wait_result;
SELECT id,note FROM academy_lab.replication_probe ORDER BY id;
SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G
EXIT;

Optional planned disruption on the replica ONLY after the row checks. Restart briefly interrupts reads and replication; the configured channel normally starts automatically because skip_slave_start is not set. Confirm both threads, retained GTID/data and read_only again. If replication is stopped by an intentional operational policy, diagnose before explicitly starting it; restarting cannot fix missing logs or drift.

sudo systemctl restart mariadb
systemctl is-active mariadb
sudo mariadb -e "SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G; SELECT @@read_only,@@GLOBAL.gtid_slave_pos; SELECT * FROM academy_lab.replication_probe ORDER BY id;"

On the primary after the verification window; no concurrent schema change/nontransactional writes. This backs up the lab schema and its selected OS configuration/TLS with original directory structure, checks hashes and compares the archive to disk. It retains original data and prior backups and aborts on any failure. The archive contains a private service key: keep it encrypted in approved off-host storage. Hash/read-back checks are not a restore test. Before relying on it or retiring anything, restore the SQL into a separate isolated fresh MariaDB instance with matching versions and verify schemas/rows; never import a recovery dump on a live writer. Plan separate account/system-object backups for a real deployment.

sudo bash -eu <<'BACKUP'
umask 077
install -d -m 0700 /root/academy-backups
backup=$(mktemp -d /root/academy-backups/mariadb-XXXXXXXX)
mariadb-dump --single-transaction --quick --routines --events --triggers --databases academy_lab > "$backup/academy_lab.sql"
test -s "$backup/academy_lab.sql"
tar -C / -cpf "$backup/config-tls.tar" etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/90-academy-replication.cnf etc/mysql/tls
cd "$backup"
sha256sum academy_lab.sql config-tls.tar > SHA256SUMS
sha256sum -c SHA256SUMS
tar -tf config-tls.tar >/dev/null
tar -C / -df config-tls.tar
printf 'Retained backup: %s\n' "$backup"
BACKUP

For a rollback/pause, stop directing reads to the replica and keep all writes on the healthy primary. Do not promote either server. On the replica open its own configuration and ADD the next setting within the existing mariadb group, leaving read_only ON. This persistent skip is necessary because STOP SLAVE alone does not survive a service restart.

sudo nano /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/90-academy-replication.cnf

File addition only, inside the existing mariadb section on the replica. Do not replace the rest of the file.

skip_slave_start=ON